Robert R. Trout, Ph.D., CFA, is an economic and financial consultant in San Diego, California. He is managing editor of the Litigation Economics Digest, and a senior editor of the Journal of Forensic Economics. Dr. Trout received his M.B.A. and Ph.D. degrees in financial economics from the Anderson Graduate School of Management at U.C.L.A. He previously taught graduate business classes at the University of California at Irvine. He has provided economic, financial and statistical consulting services to attorneys, government agencies and companies for twenty-five years. He has testified in state and federal courts in antitrust, employment, business interruption, and business and asset valuation cases, and in securities fraud and intellectual property cases. He has also testified before state and federal regulatory commissions concerning economic issues affecting a variety of regulated businesses. He has published over thirty articles in academic and professional journals in the areas of economics, finance and valuation.